07 Prove Milestone: Lists

Purpose

Prove that you can write a Python program that creates and uses a compound list.

Problem Statement

In chemistry, a mole is a huge quantity of atoms or molecules, specifically 602,214,076,000,000,000,000,000 (usually written as 6.02214076 × 10²³), which is more than 602 sextillion. For example, a mole of carbon atoms is a sample of carbon that contains 6.02214076 × 10²³ atoms. A mole of water molecules is a sample that contains 6.02214076 × 10²³ molecules of water.

The molar mass of a substance is the mass in grams of one mole of the substance (grams / mole). For example, the molar mass of carbon is 12.0107 grams / mole. If you collect one mole (6.02214076 × 10²³ atoms) of carbon, the total mass will be 12.0107 grams. If you collect one mole (6.02214076 × 10²³ molecules) of water, the total mass will be 18.0153 grams.

A molar mass calculator is a program that computes the molar mass of a substance and the number of moles of a sample of that substance. To use a molar mass calculator, a chemist enters two inputs:

• The formula for a substance (molecule), such as H₂O (water) or C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose)
• The mass of a sample of that substance, such as 3.71 grams

The calculator computes the molar mass of the molecule and the number of moles in the sample and then prints both of those numbers.

Assignment

During this prove milestone and the next prove assignment, you will write and test a molar mass calculator named chemistry.py. During this milestone, you will complete part of the calculator by writing a function named make_periodic_table and the main function. The make_periodic_table function must create and return a compound list that contains data for all 94 naturally existing elements.

Help

If you’re having trouble completing this assignment, reading related online documentation, using a generative AI as a tutor, or working with a human tutor will help you complete it.

Steps

Do the following:

1. Using VS Code, create a new file and save it as chemistry.py
2. In the chemistry.py file, write a function named make_periodic_table that takes no parameters and creates and returns a compound list. The compound list must contain all the data in the table of elements shown in the Table of Elements section above. The data within the compound list must be organized like this:

       periodic_table_list = [
           # [symbol, name, atomic_mass]
           ["Ac", "Actinium", 227],
           ["Ag", "Silver", 107.8682],
           ["Al", "Aluminum", 26.9815386],
             ⋮
       ]
   

   1. We strongly recommend that you do not type the data in the table of elements but instead that you copy and paste the data from this assignment into your program. If you don’t know how to use copy and paste to help you quickly write the make_periodic_table function, ask a fellow student, a tutor, a teaching assistant, or your teacher for help.
   2. After you copy and paste the periodic table data into your program, you must add square brackets ([ and ]) and commas (,) so that the data is organized in a compound list. If you’re using VS Code as your text editor, you can use multi-line editing to quickly add all the necessary square brackets and commas.
3. In the chemistry.py file, write the main function that takes no parameters and returns nothing. The main function should do the following:

   1. Call the make_periodic_table function and store the returned list in a variable.
   2. Print the name and atomic mass for each chemical element on a separate line. Do not print the chemical element symbols.
4. At the bottom of your chemistry.py file, add a call to the main function. Be certain to protect the call to main with an if statement as taught in the preparation content for lesson 5.

Call Graph

The following call graph shows the user-defined functions and function calls and returns as you should write them in your chemistry.py program. From this call graph we see the following function calls:

1. The computer starts executing the chemistry.py program by calling the main function.
2. While executing the main function, the computer calls the make_periodic_table and print functions.

Testing Procedure

Verify that your program works correctly by following each step in this testing procedure:

1. Download the test_chemistry_1.py Python file and save it in the same folder where you saved your chemistry.py program. Run the test_chemistry_1.py file and ensure that the test_make_periodic_table function passes. If it doesn’t pass, there is a mistake in your make_periodic_table function. Read the output from pytest, fix the mistake, and run the test_chemistry_1.py file again until the test function passes.

   > python test_chemistry_1.py
   =================== test session starts ====================
   platform win32--Python 3.8.6, pytest-6.1.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy
   rootdir: C:\Users\cse111\lesson07
   collected 1 item
   
   test_chemistry_1.py::test_make_periodic_table PASSED  [100%]
   
   ==================== 1 passed in 0.14s =====================

2. Run your chemistry.py program and ensure that your program’s output matches the following output. The three vertical dots (⋮) in the output below are called a vertical ellipsis and mean the output continues. Your program shouldn’t print the vertical ellipsis. Instead, your program should print the rest of the output.

   > python chemistry.py
   Actinium 227
   Silver 107.8682
   Aluminum 26.9815386
   Argon 39.948
   Arsenic 74.9216
   Astatine 210
   Gold 196.966569
     ⋮

Submission

On or before the due date, return to I‑Learn and report your progress on this milestone.